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no Model.) 5Sheets-Sheet F. DEMING.

DRAW BENCH.

No,- 595,611 Patented D0014, 1897.

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ml H A H 5 Sheetg-Sheet 3. 1". DEMING. DRAW BENCH (No Model.)

No. 595,611. Patented Dec, 14, 1897.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

P. DEMING. 'DRAW BENCH. 110,595,611. Patented 12 0. 14,1897;

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

F. DEMING. DRAW BENCH.

No. 595,611. Y Patented Dec. 14,1897.

T KXL WITNESSES. l/VVEli/TOR v iQWJw/M? Q UMWM k d I AT omvsyf UNITED STATES PATENT EErcE.

FERDINAND DEMING, OF VVATERBURY, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE I ASSIGNMENTS, TO GEORGE H. CLOWES, OF SAME PLACE.

DRAW-BENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,611, dated December 14, 1897.

Application filed December 24,1895. Serial No. 573,228. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FERDINAND DEMING, of Waterbury, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, haveinvented anew and useful Improvement in Draw-Benches and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the figures of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent, in-

Figure 1, a side elevation of a draw-bench with a blank shown in section; Fig. 2, a front elevation of the blank-holder; Fig. 3, a side elevation of the centering-punch with the blank-holder in section; Fig. 4, a front elevation of Fig. 3; Fig. 5, a front elevation of the bulkhead; Fig. 6, a transverse section of Fig. 5 with one cylinder and piston-rod in position and the female die and bulkhead-nut in section; Fig. 7, a plan of the bed-plate; Fig. 8, a front elevation of the cross-head and bedplate; Fig. 9, a side elevation of the crosshead; Fig. 10, an elevation showing the operation of the centering-punch; Fig. 11, an elevation showing the operation of the punch drawing the blank from between the blankholder and bulkhead; Fig. 12, a side elevation of the friction mechanism with the horizontal friction-shaft in transverse section;

Fig. 13, an elevation of the upper bearing of the friction mechanism; Fig. 14, an elevation of the eared bracket of the friction mechanism; Fig. 15, a plan of the oscillating arm and lower bearing of the friction mechanism; Fig.

16, a side elevation of bracket and the hori-. zontal friction-shaftv keyed thereto; Fig. 17, a front elevation of Fig. 16; Fig. 18, an elevation of extension-rods; Fig. 19, a front elevation of piston-carriage with piston-rod and horizontal rods in section; and Fig. 20, a side elevation of piston-carriage with piston-rod, male die, and horizontalrodsoccupying their relative positions.

My invention relates to improvements in draw-benches that are used in the process of drawing seamless tubes, shells, 850.

My improvement consists, first, in a blankholder which will hold the blank to be drawn in a position against the bulkhead under a constant or variable pressure and so constructed as to carrya supporting-rest for the male die or punch and a centeringshell, which I have devised and which is essential in some of the operations of drawing; second, a friction device that will actuate the blankholder synchronously with the punch when desired; third, an adjustable extension crosshead; fourth, means to support the externally-threaded nut of the bulkhead so that the entrance of the nut into the bulkhead may be facilitated; fifth, means for centering and supporting the blank or disk preparatory to the drawing operation.

It is my object to simplify the mechanism now used upon draw-benches by having but few parts and those of the simplest design and construction as well as for the general purpose of obtaining the most accurate work that can be furnished by machines of this character.

With these ends in view I have devised the following-described mechanism, certain features of which are applicable to various forms of draw-benches, but more especially applicable to the type of draw-benches that are operated by hydraulic power. v

1 denotes the bulkhead,in which the female die 2 is held and to which the blank-holder cylinders 3 are attached. The main cylinder is indicated by 4. 5 5 are the horizontal rods connecting said'cylind'er 4 and the bulkhead 1. Piston-rod 6 is supported upon its outer end by the piston-carriage 7, and independent thereof but attached thereto is the male as that of the recess 70, so that'any reciprocatin g movement of the flange 67 carries with it the piston-carriage 7. The lower part of the block 68 is bored out at 72, so that the head 7 3 of the flange 67 may rest therein.

9 indicates the blank-holder, through the center of which and concentric with the punch 8 is the central recess 10. Shoes or bearings 5, upon which it slides.

11 11, resting against the lugs 63 63, support said blank-holder 9 011 the horizontal rods 5 Equally distant from the center of the blank-holder 9 and diametrically opposite in a vertical line two holes 12 12 are bored for the reception of the ends of the piston-rods 13 13, which extend through said holes and are locked to said blank-holder by means of the shoulder 14 and key 15. A rest or carriage 16, secured to the blank-holder 9 by the bolts 17, supports the outer end of the punch S.

3 3 denote the two blank-holder cylinders, which project over the back end of and are located diametrically opposite in a vertical line upon the bulkhead 1. They can be constructed either independent of or integral with said bulkhead. The piston-rods 13 13, connected with the said blank-holder cylinders 3 3, are constructed with shoulders 14 14 and key-slots 18 18, near the outer end thereof. The blank-holder cylinders and the pistonheads in said cylinders may be of any desired construction common to the art, and as their design is not part of my invention it will be unnecessary for me to describe or show them in detail. Any power which is most convenient maybe used to operate the pistons in said cylinders, and may be either air,steam, or water, but preferably water.

Centering-punch 19, another feature of my invention, is cored hollow, and the end wall at 20 is bored to fit the punch 8, which has a bearing therein. A rest 21 for the support of the said punch 8 is constructed either independent or integral and is inserted inside and adjacent to the rear end of the said centering-punch 19. The diameter of the rear end 22 up to the shoulder 23 of the centeringpunch 19 is the same as the internal diameter of the central recess 10 in the blank-holder 9, in which it is fitted, and the diameter of the forward end 24, being the same as the inside diameter of the shell to be drawn, varies with the size of the shell. The friction mechanism comprises a horizontal friction-shaft 25 and the friction-bearin gs 26 27, attached to the under side of the piston-carriage 7. By means of the tapered key 28 and the bracket 29, bolted to the blank-holder 9, the shaft 25 is held in a permanently-fixed position.

The fixed upper bearing 26 is attached to the piston-carriage 7 by the bolts 31 31 and prevented from any longitudinal movement in relation thereto by the lug 32, which is formed integral with said upper bearing and fitted into the base of the said piston-carriage.

The hub end 33 of the oscillating arm is supported by the bracket 34, which in turn is secured to the piston-carriage 7 by the bolts 35 35. Integral with the bracket 34 and depending therefrom are two ears 36 36, through which and the hub end of said oscillating arm 30 is the fulcrum-shaft 37. The rib or web 38 extends from the hub 33 upon one end of said oscillating arm 30 to a point adjacent to the other end.

The material for the friction-journals in the bearings 26 27 may be either hard wood or soft metal. The construction shown in Figs. 12, 13, and 15 of the journal in the upper bearing 26 is for metal, while that of the lower hearing 27 is designed for wood.

By rotating the vertical shaft 39, which passes down through the piston-carriage 7 and the end of the oscillating arm 30 into the fixed nut 40, the said oscillating arm is caused to oscillate and to grip or free the horizontal friction-shaft 25, as desired. Nut 40 is prevented from rotating by the bolt 41, passing through the projecting arm 42 into the under side of the oscillating arm 30. Vertical shaft 39 is supported by the integral shoulder 43, which forms a bearing upon the upper surface of the piston-carriage 7, (represented by line A in Fig. 12.) The end of said shaft 39 opposite to the threaded end is squared, so that a wrench may be applied to rotate it, or in place of a wrench a hand-wheel may be used.

The great pressure required to force the male die or punch 8 into a tube that is to be drawn necessitates some means whereby the tube can be held stationary, and to accomplish this the cross-head 44 is devised, which may be adjusted longitudinally to and from the bench to accommodate tubes of different lengths. The bed-plate 45 and the bench proper in the plan have a center line in common, and the lugs 46 upon the bed-plate 45 are provided, so that it may be secured to a floor or the foundation of the bench.

44 denotes the cross-head, and 47 the base thereof. Through the upper portion of the upright 44 is a slot 48, whose walls are parallel to the axis of the punch 8 and is adapted to receive a device for stripping the tube from the punch. Two holes 49 49, parallel to the aforesaid slot 48, are bored through the upper portion of the said cross-head 44 at an equal distance each side of the center for the purpose of receiving the ends (55 65 of the extension-rods 64 ($4. \Vhen the cross-head 44 is used in triblet drawing, the ends (35 of the two extension-rods 64 are inserted in the holes 49 of the said cross-head and the ends opposite rest against the bulkhead 1, as shown in Fig. 1. The end of the extension-rod (i4 opposite to the end 65 may be reduced, as shown by the broken line in Fig. 18, and a hole bored in the bulkhead 1 to receive it. By the use of these extension-rods the cross-head 44 is effectually prevented from being drawn toward the bench when the extraordinary strain and pull of triblet drawing is upon it. The longitudinal movement of the cross-head 44 is accomplished by the cooperation of the teeth of the pinion 50 with those of the rack 51, said rack being integral with the bedplate 45. Pinion 50 is keyed upon the vertical shaft 51, the opposite end of which is squared, so that a wrench may be placed thereon to rotate it. Said shaft 51 is supported in its upright position by the two bearings 52 52, projecting laterally from the said cross-head 44. Crosshead 44 is locked in any desired position upon the bed-plate 45 by tightening the nut 53 on the bolt 54, the head of which fits in the T- slot 55 of the base-plate 45.

In practice it has been found difficult to keep the corresponding faces of the externally-threaded nut 56 and the bulkhead 1 parallel while starting the external thread of the nut 56 into the internal thread in the base of the bulkhead 1, due principally to the great weight and size of the nut. To obviate this difficulty, two rolls 57 57, whose faces are wider than that of the nut 56, are placed in a position whereby the peripheries of the rolls 57 and that of the internally-threaded bore of the bulkhead 1 are tangent to each other, so that the nut 56 may rest and be supported thereon until by rotation it has assumed its tightened position. Shafts 58 58, upon which rolls 57 57 rotate, are held in position by means of the threaded shank 59, screwed into the rear face of the bulkhead 1, and nut 60 upon the outer end of the said shaft58 prevents any longitudinal movement of the rolls 57.

The problem how to center the blanks or disks in the bench so that-they will remain central and not slip or shiftuntil the process of drawing is begun has previous to my invention been a serious one, all of the devices before used having proved inefiectual to prevent the above objections.

A tip or stud 62 is constructed either integral with or independent of the head of the punch 8, but projects therefrom, as shown in Fig. 11. This tip or stud 62 is designed to enter the hole pierced in the center of the disk to be drawn, and the disk resting upon it is retained thereon and prevented from slipping or shifting, thus overcoming all of the previous defects under the old methods.

The entire machine, including the hereinbefore described improvements, 'is operated in the following manner: When at rest, the head of the male die or punch 8 is slightly in the rear of the bulkhead 1 and the front of the blank-holder 9 is in a position slightly forward of the end of said punch 8, the tip 62 on the punch projecting through the opening in the blank-holder a sufficient distance to receive the blank at the front side of the latter. A blank 61 with a hole pierced through its center is placed upon the tip 62 of the punch 8, which holds it central and retains it in a permanent position until it reaches the female die 2. By rotating the upright shaft 39 on the piston-carriage 7 and thus drawing together the friction -bearings 26 27 upon the horizontal friction-shaft 25 the blank-holder 9 and piston 6 are so locked that they act synchronously in the forward movements until the blank-holder 9 reaches the bulkhead 1. The punch 8 and blankholder 9 are now started forward until the blank 61 rests against the female die 2, whose face is flush with that of the bulkhead 1, and

the blank-holder 9 against the shoulders 1414 upon the piston-rods 13 13. The punch 8 is now stopped and the keys 15 15 are dropped into the key-slots 18 18 in the piston-rods 13 13. The friction-bearings 26 27 upon the horizontal friction-shaft 25 may now be released,

but not necessarily, as the shaft can slip through the friction-bearings while the punch goes forward. At this point the pistons 13 13 in the blank-holder cylinders 3 8 are started forward and then by means of the keys 15 therein draw the blank-holder 9 against the blank 61, which now lies between thebulkhead 1 and the blank-holder 9, where it holds it with a pressure equal to that in the blankholder cylinders 3 3. By these means I am enabled to attain an almost unlimited pressure upon the blank, which has not been done previous to my invention, and the blank is therefore prevented from buckling or bending while being drawn. When the required pressure is attained, the piston-rods 13 13 are held in a stationary position by retaining the water in the blank-holder cylinders 3 3, thus making the pressure permanent. The forward movement of the punch 8 is continued and the blank is drawn from between the bulkhead 1 and the blank-holder 9 and through the female die 2, as shown in Fig. 11. The punch 8 is now stopped, the pressure released from the piston-rods 18 18, the keys 15 15 removed therefrom, the tube stripped from the punch, and the several parts carried to their original position by reversing the motion of the punch. When the punch 8 is returning, the friction mechanism upon the piston-carriage 7 is released from the horizontal friction-shaft 25- that is, if not released when the connections are made with the blank-holder and the piston rods in the forward motion-and the blank-holder 9 remains stationary until the punch 8 reaches the same relative position to the blank-holder 9 as when the parts are at rest. Then the friction mechanism is again tightened upon the horizontal friction-shaft 25, and all the parts operate in unison until the punch 8 comes to a full stop. After the first drawing the blank 61 assumes the shape of a shell, and before reduced to the proper internal diameter it is necessary to center it preparatory for another drawing, so thatthe metal will be drawn equally upon all sides. The punch-rest 16 in the central recess 10 of the plate-holder 9 is removed, and in said recess 10 from the forward end the centeringpunch 19 is inserted, with the male die or punch 8 passing through its center longitudinally. The shell to be reduced is then placed upon the centering-punch 19,the blankholder 9 carried forward to a position where the end of the shell meets the bulkheadl. The punch 8 is now started forward, and as it proceeds it draws the shell from the outside of the centering-punch 19 and carries it through the female die 2, as shown in Fig. 10. This last-described process is continued until the shell is reduced tothe proper internal diameter. When the internal diameter is determined and it is designed to reduce IIC the thickness of the metal, the female die 2 in the bulkhead 1 is taken out and the punch 8 carried forward to a position where the head of the punch projects through the rear face of the said bulkhead. Now holding the tube with its solid end against the cross-head 44 the punch 8 is started forward and guided into the open end of the tube and forced therein while the tube is held in a fixed position by the contact of its end with the crosshead 44. The motion of the punch 8 is now reversed until carried back to its original position, when the female die 2 is replaced and the punch 8 started forward, as before.

Many minor changes can be made within my invention aside from those herein shown, and I would therefore have it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact constructions described, but hold myself at liberty to make such changes and alterations as fall fairly within the spirit and scope of my invention.

I am aware that it is old to construct a blank-holder which slides upon the horizontal rods connecting the bulkhead with the cylinder, and I do not therefore claim such construction broadly; but

' \Vhat I do claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a draw-bench, the combination with a bulkhead having a plurality of cylinders attached thereto, a blank-holder adapted to be united to the outer end of the piston-rods operating in said cylinders, a punch rigidly secured to the piston-rod and provided with means for holding the blank to be drawn concentric with the bore in the said bulkhead while approaching the said bulkhead, a piston-carriage to support the outer end of the said piston-rod, a friction-shaft rigidly secured at one end to the said blank-holder, an oscillating friction-arm pivotally secured to the said piston-carriage and means for operating said oscillating arm so that the said friction-shaft may be rigidly secured to the said piston-carriage and whereby the said punch and blank-holder may be operated synchronously, substantially as described.

2. In a draw-bench, the combination with the vertically-disposed bulkhead 1 carrying a female die, as 2, and having the cylinders 3 3 projecting horizontally from its front side, at opposite sides of said die, said cylinders carrying pistons and having the piston-rods l3 projecting from their rear ends, of blankholder 9, movable in a horizontal plane toward and away from said bulkhead, said blank-holder being provided with holes to receive said piston-rods 13, means, as the keys 15, for locking said piston-rods from withdrawal from said blank-holder, the horizontally-disposed drawing-punch 8 and its actuating mechanism, and friction connections between said punch and said blank-holder, whereby they are caused to move in unison until the blank-holder is brought into contact with the bulkhead, arranged and operating substantially as described.

3. In a draw-bench the combination with the bulkhead of two or more rolls or drums to support the externally-threaded nuts in said bulkhead while being brought to a tightened position, the periphery of said rolls and that of the threaded recess in said bulkhead being tangent to each other, and a shaft upon which said rolls rotate secured to the said bulkhead, substantially as described.

4. An extension cross head for a drawbench having a longitudinal slot in the center of its upper portion and two holes parallel to, and equally distant from, said slot for the purposes as herein set forth in combination with a vertical shaft supported in bearings which project from and are integral with the said cross-head; the lower end of said shaft being provided with a pinion permanently secured thereto; the upper end being adapted to receive means whereby the said shaft and pinion may be rotated, substantially as described.

5. In a draw-bench the combination of an extension cross-head having a longitudinal slot in its upper portion adapted to receive a stripping device and two holes parallel to and equally distant from said slot adapted to receive extension-rods,of a vertical pinion-shaft supported in bearings which are integral with and project from said cross-head, of a pinion whose teeth mesh into the teeth of a rack integral with the base-plate, of abase-plate having a rack formed integral with one side thereof, and a T-slot extending longitudinally throughout its entire length, of one or more bolts the heads of which are fitted into the T- slots of the base-plate aforesaid and by means of the nut upon their upper ends are adapted to securely fasten said cross-head in any intermediate position, substantially as described.

6. In a draw-bench the combination with a blank-holder, of a horizontal friction-shaft permanently secured thereto, of a friction device substantially as set forth whereby the piston-carriage and blank-holder may be actuated synchronously, and means for operating said friction device, substantially as described.

7. In a draw-bench the combination with ablank-holder substantially as described, of a friction device comprising a fixed upper bearing and a lower bearing integral with an oscillating arm, said oscillating arm supported upon one end by a shaft in a fixed eared bracket the opposite end of which is adapted to receive a vertical shaft and a fixed nut whereby it may be actuated, substantially as described.

8. In a draw-bench the combination with a blank-holder having a horizontal frictionshaft permanently attached thereto and extending therefrom, of a friction device comprising a fixed upper bearing 26, a lower bearing 27 integral with the oscillating arm 30, an cared bracket 34: and fulcrum-shaft 37 therein; vertical shaft 39 and fixed nut 40, all substantially as described.

9. In a draw-bench, the combination with a vertically-disposed bulkhead carrying a female die, of a blank-holder movable in a horizontal plane toward and away from said bulkhead and having a central opening concentric with said female die, of a horizontallydisposed punch, concentric to the opening in said blank-holder and to said die, said punch being located in rear of said blank-holder and having at its front end a centrally-located fixed stud or tip which projects through the opening in the blank-holder a sufficient distance to receive and support a centrally-perforated blank, at the front side of said holder, as'the punch moves toward the bulkhead, and

means for causing said punch and blank-' holder to approach the bulkhead simultaneously and for advancing the punch independently of the blank-holder when the latter is brought into contact with the bulkhead, arranged and operating substantially as described, whereby the stud or tip on the punch is caused to perform the double function of centering the blank and supporting the same as it is moved toward the bulkhead.

10. In a draw-bench a punch for centering shells which encircle the male die or punch one end of which is adapted to receive said shells and the other to be secured to the blankholder, substantially as described.

11. In combination with a draw-bench as herein described an extension cross-head and extension-rods adapted to be secured to the said cross-head and to the bulkhead of said draw-bench, for the purposes as herein set forth substantially as described.

12. A blank-holder for a draw-bench having a central bore of greater diameter than the punch of said draw-bench, and a rest or support adapted to be secured to said blankholder within said bore for supporting the said punch in said blank-holder, substantially as described.

13. The combination of the blank-holder 9 having a central bore and two or more smaller bores diametrically opposite each other and parallel with said central bore, support 16 secured to said blank-holder within said bore, shoes 11 11 rigidly secured to the sides of said blank-holder, substantially as described.

14:. In combination with the piston-rod of a draw-bench, meansto support said pistonrod upon its outer end, the said means comprising a piston-support adapted to slide upon the horizontal rods of the said bench and having one or more concave upper faces upon which the said piston-rod rests, substantially I as described.

15. In a draw-bench, a piston-carriage comprising a base supported by the horizontal rods, a block secured to the top of said base and having one or more concave faces adapted to receive the end of said piston-rod, substantially as described.

16. In a draw-bench, the combination of a piston-rod, a piston-carriage to support the outer end of said piston-rod and a blankholder; with means for securing the said blank-holder and the said piston-carriage together by a frictional connection, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the'presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FERDINAND DEMING.

Vtitnesses:

J. BLAOKNALL, GEO. H. CLowEs. 

